Vitamins
Vitamin A (beta-carotene) – A plant-derived provitamin that your body converts into vitamin A as needed. Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal vision, normal mucous membranes and normal skin, and to the normal function of the immune system.
Vitamin B1 (thiamin) – Contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism and to the normal functioning of the nervous system.
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) – Contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, to the protection of cells from oxidative stress and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
Niacin (niacinamide) – Contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, to the maintenance of normal skin and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) – The active form of vitamin B6. Contributes to normal protein and glycogen metabolism, to the normal function of the immune system and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
Folate (5-MTHF) – The active, methylated form of folate. Contributes to normal blood formation, to the normal function of the immune system and to maternal tissue growth during pregnancy.
Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) – An active form of B12. Contributes to normal red blood cell formation, to normal energy-yielding metabolism and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
Biotin and pantothenic acid – Both contribute to normal energy-yielding metabolism; biotin also contributes to the maintenance of normal hair and skin, and pantothenic acid to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
Vitamin C (calcium ascorbate) – A buffered form that is gentle on the stomach. Contributes to maintaining the normal function of the immune system during and after intense physical exercise, to normal collagen formation and to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) – Contributes to the maintenance of normal bones and normal muscle function, and to the normal function of the immune system.
Vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopheryl succinate) – Vitamin E from a natural source, which contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.
Minerals
Most of the minerals in the product are in amino acid chelate (AAC) form: minerals bound to amino acids are well absorbed and gentle on the stomach.
Calcium and magnesium – Contribute to normal muscle function and to the maintenance of normal bones; magnesium also contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
Zinc, selenium, copper – Contribute to the normal function of the immune system and to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.
Manganese – Contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism and to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.
Chromium (chromium chelate) – Contributes to the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels and to normal macronutrient metabolism.
Iodine (kelp) – Contributes to the normal production of thyroid hormones and to normal energy-yielding metabolism.
Potassium and boron – Potassium contributes to normal muscle function; boron is a trace element.
Complementary ingredients
Citrus bioflavonoids and quercetin – Plant polyphenols that we added to the formula as companions to vitamin C and for their antioxidant properties.
Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine – Natural phospholipids of cell membranes; phosphatidylcholine is a source of choline.
Inositol, PABA, betaine HCl – B-vitamin-like nutrients; betaine HCl releases hydrochloric acid, which is a natural component of stomach acid.
Digestive enzymes – Pepsin, bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya) and a blend of eight enzymes (protease, amylase, glucoamylase, lipase, cellulase, phytase, maltase, sucrase) to break down proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
BioPerine™ – Black pepper extract (piperine), which we use to support nutrient absorption.
